AN ENDURING THREAT: EUROPE’S ISLAMIST TERROR NETWORKS THEN AND NOW -! 9/11 Attacks (2001): Mohammed Atta [It has been suggested Moussaoui shared a flat with Atta 1073 in Hamburg, and he allegedly “received two money transfers from a man who shared a flat with 1074 Atta in Hamburg”]. Al-Qaeda: 1075 -! Richard Reid [Reid is said to have “hero worshipped’” Moussaoui and the two men’s 1076 time at Khalden coincided]; David Courtailler [Moussaoui is believed to have lived with 1077 Courtailler in Brixton and they were at Khalden training camp together]; Ahmed Ressam 1078 [Moussaoui’s time at Khalden training camp is believed to have coincided with that of Ressam]; Khalid Sheikh Mohammed [Allegedly met with Moussaoui in Afghanistan in 2000]; Ramzi bin 1079 al-Shibh [An al-Qaeda operative, al-Shibh, wired US$14,000 to Moussaoui from Germany]. Other: 1080 -! Abdullah el-Faisal [Moussaoui was a follower of el-Faisal in south London]; Xavier 1081 Djaffo [Friend of Moussaoui’s killed in Chechnya in 1998]. 1082 1083 RICHARD REID aka Abdel Rahmin, aka Tariq Raja Role: Convicted of attempting to blow up a transatlantic aircraft en route to the US from Europe using 1084 explosives hidden in his shoes. Bio: Reid was born in 1973 in Bromley, South London and struggled at school, leaving at 16. He became involved in petty crime as a teenager, including street robbery and drug use, before being convicted of an assault on a pensioner and a string of robberies in 1992. He converted to Islam whilst in prison after being 1085 convicted of these offences. After his release in 1996 he became acquainted with extremists when attending Brixton mosque as part of an informal rehabilitation programme for ex-prisoners run by staff 1086 there. While attending Brixton mosque he began travelling around the UK to hear preachers speak in Luton, the Midlands and elsewhere in London, and it is believed that it was during this time that he first came into contact with Abu Hamza al-Masri before moving to the Finsbury Park Mosque alongside 1087 Zacharias Moussaoui after quarrelling with worshippers in Brixton. At Finsbury Park Mosque he came 1088 under the influence of both al-Masri and Djamel Beghal. In 1998, he travelled to Afghanistan, training 1089 in Khalden training camp at the same time as other extremists including Ahmed Ressam. On his return, Reid travelled across the Middle East, first acquiring a new passport in Brussels. He visited Israel, Turkey and Egypt and is believed to have been carrying out intelligence-gathering, before returning to Europe and working in kitchens in Belgium and the Netherlands – associating with Nizar Trabelsi in the process. ! ! 1073 ‘Investigating Al-Qaeda: Other Suspects’, BBC News, available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/world/02/september_11/investigating_al_qaeda/html/people/other_suspects.stm, last visited: 9 August 2016. 1074 ‘Germany withholds Moussaoui evidence’, BBC News, 1 September 2002, available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2229231.stm, last visited: 9 August 2016. 1075 O’Neill, S. and Daniel McGrory, The Suicide Factory: Abu Hamza and the Finsbury Park Mosque (London: Harper Collins, 2006), p. 221. 1076 ‘Europe fears Islamic converts may give cover for extremism’, The New York Times, 19 July 2004. 1077 Norton-Taylor, R. and Rosie Cowan, ‘Madrid bomb suspect linked to UK extremists’, Guardian, 17 March 2004. 1078 ‘Europe fears Islamic converts may give cover for extremism’, The New York Times, 19 July 2004. 1079 ‘Zacarias Moussaoui Fast Facts’, CNN, 7 June 2016. 1080 ‘Restless convert in quest for jihad’, BBC News, 3 May 2006. 1081 Erlanger, S. and Chris Hedges, ‘Terror Cells Slip Through Europe's Grasp’, The New York Times, 28 December 2001. 1082 O’Neill, S. and Daniel McGrory, The Suicide Factory: Abu Hamza and the Finsbury Park Mosque (London: Harper Collins, 2006), p. 221. 1083 ‘Bomb suspect 'part of network'’, BBC News, 26 December 2001, available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1728709.stm, last visited: 9 August 2016. 1084 ‘Unrepentant Shoe Bomber Sentenced to Life’, International New York Times, 31 January 2003, available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/31/national/31SHOE.html, last visited: 9 August 2016. 1085 O’Neill, S. and Daniel McGrory, The Suicide Factory: Abu Hamza and the Finsbury Park Mosque (London: Harper Collins, 2006) p. 219. 1086 ‘London mosque leader recalls bomb suspect’, CNN, 26 December 2001, available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/UK/12/26/baker.cnna/index.html, last visited: 9 August 2016. 1087 O’Neill, S. and Daniel McGrory, The Suicide Factory: Abu Hamza and the Finsbury Park Mosque (London: Harper Collins, 2006), p. 219. 1088 ibid, p. 221. 1089 ‘Sources: Reid is al Qaeda operative’, International CNN, 6 December 2003, available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/01/30/reid.alqaeda/, last visited: 9 August 2016. ! ! 85 !