AN ENDURING THREAT: EUROPE’S ISLAMIST TERROR NETWORKS THEN AND NOW 1055 1056 September 1997, arriving at the Khalden training camp by 1998 at the same time as other extremists 1057 including Richard Reid and Ahmed Ressam. He was given US$14,000 for flight lessons by Khalid 1058 Sheikh Mohammed, who he is alleged to have met in Afghanistan in 2000 and, after visiting Malaysia 1059 where he stayed in an apartment in which two of the 9/11 attackers had stayed, he travelled to the US to attend flight schools in Oklahoma and Oregon in February 2001, proving unsuccessful at both and justifying Mohammed’s claim that he had dispatched Moussaoui to a different training camp to the 9/11 attackers as he did not trust his capabilities.1060 In August 2001, Moussaoui’s odd behaviour attracted 1061 attention and he was arrested. Moussaoui was indicted in connection with the 9/11 attacks in December 2001 and plead guilty in April 2005. He was sentenced to life in prison without parole in May 2006, with the sentence affirmed in January 2010 despite claims from Osama bin Laden that Moussaoui had not 1062 been chosen for a role in the 9/11 attacks. Foreign training/combat: 1063 Travelled to Afghanistan in September 1997 and spent time at the Khalden 1064 training camp during 1998. Movements: France (Unclear); London (1993); Afghanistan (1997-98, 2000); Malaysia (2000); USA 1065 (February – May 2001). Criminal history: 1066 Convicted of six counts of conspiracy, including conspiracy to commit acts of 1067 terrorism, conspiracy to commit aircraft piracy, and conspiracy to murder United States employees. Known to the authorities: French authorities are believed to have become aware of Moussaoui in 1996 1068 and to have placed him on watch list in 1999. Networks and associates: US Embassy and Cultural Centre plot (2001) -! : Jerome Courtailler [Courtailler shared an 1069 apartment with Moussaoui in Brixton]; Djamel Beghal [Moussaoui is believed to have been 1070 recruited by Beghal]; Kamel Daoudi [Moussaoui was “part of a circle” that involved Daoudi at 1071 Abu Qatada’s London mosque]. -! Finsbury Park Mosque: Moussaoui regularly attended the mosque and associated with other 1072 extremists there. ! ! 1055 Barnett, A. et al., ‘UK student's 'key terror role'’, Guardian, 28 October 2001. 1056 ‘Restless convert in quest for jihad’, BBC News, 3 May 2006. 1057 ‘Europe fears Islamic converts may give cover for extremism’, The New York Times, 19 July 2004. 1058 O’Neill and Daniel McGrory, The Suicide Factory: Abu Hamza and the Finsbury Park Mosque (London: Harper Collins, 2006), pp. 222, 224. 1059 ‘Zacarias Moussaoui Fast Facts’, CNN, 7 June 2016, available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/03/us/zacarias-moussaoui-fast-facts/, last visited: 9 August 2016. 1060 O’Neill and Daniel McGrory, The Suicide Factory: Abu Hamza and the Finsbury Park Mosque (London: Harper Collins, 2006), pp. 222, 224. 1061 ‘Moussaoui: Failed plotter’, BBC News, 3 May 2006. 1062 ‘Zacarias Moussaoui Fast Facts’, CNN, 7 June 2016. 1063 Barnett, A. et al., ‘UK student's 'key terror role'’, Guardian, 28 October 2001. 1064 ‘Restless convert in quest for jihad’, BBC News, 3 May 2006. 1065 ‘Restless convert in quest for jihad’, BBC News, 3 May 2006; and ‘Zacarias Moussaoui Fast Facts’, CNN, 7 June 2016. 1066 ‘Zacarias Moussaoui Fast Facts’, CNN, 7 June 2016. 1067 ‘INDICTMENT OF ZACARIAS MOUSSAOUI’, United States Department of Justice, 9 September 2014, available at: https://www.justice.gov/ag/indictment- zacarias-moussaoui: last visited: 9 August 2016. 1068 ‘Zacarias Moussaoui Fast Facts’, CNN, 7 June 2016. 1069 Barnett, A. et al., ‘UK student's 'key terror role'’, Guardian, 28 October 2001. 1070 Bird, S., ‘Quiet existence in Leicester suburb masked complex terrorist network’, The Times, 2 April 2003. 1071 Erlanger, S. and Chris Hedges, ‘Terror Cells Slip Through Europe's Grasp’, The New York Times, 28 December 2001. 1072 ibid. ! ! 84 !