AN ENDURING THREAT: EUROPE’S ISLAMIST TERROR NETWORKS THEN AND NOW Networks and associates: Al-Qaeda: 1037 -! Zacarias Moussaoui [Convicted of involvement in the 9/11 attacks, Moussaoui is believed to have lived with Courtailler in Brixton1038 and they were at Khalden training camp together]; Richard Reid, Ahmed Ressam [Courtailler’s time at Khalden training camp is believed 1039 to have coincided with that of both men]. US Embassy and Cultural Centre plot (2001) -! : Djamel Beghal [Courtailler assisted Beghal in the 1040 kidnapping of Azzedin Journazi’s children]; Nizar Trabelsi [Courtailler has been described as 1041 a “close contact’ of Trabelsi”]. -! Finsbury Park Mosque: Abu Hamza al-Masri [Courtailler has been described as “very active in 1042 Abu Hamza’s circles]”. Other: 1043 -! Chaouki Baadache, Ahmed Laidouni [Convicted alongside Courtailler in May 2004]; 1044 Jamal Zougam [Convicted for his role in the 2004 Madrid train bombings, Zougam met 1045 Courtailler in a Madrid Mosque in 1998]; Moinul Abedin [A fake driving licence in 1046 Courtailler’s name was found in his house]; Omar Deghayes [Alleged to have given Courtailler telephone numbers for men in Spain and Morocco involved in the Madrid and Casablanca 1047 bombings]. ZACARIAS MOUSSAOUI Role: Convicted of involvement in the 9/11 attacks, it has been suggested Moussaoui was in fact supposed 1048 to carry out a different attack. Bio: A French national whose parents had immigrated to the country,1049 Moussaoui was born in 1050 1051 Morocco and raised in Bayonne, south-west France. As a child he became involved with local gangs, as well as with radicals who “ranted about the brutal treatment of their brothers in Bosnia”. He travelled 1052 to the UK at least once prior to moving to the country in 1993, and on arrival he attended London South Bank University and enrolled on an MA International Business Studies course. He also spent a significant amount of time at Brixton Mosque, sleeping there when he had nowhere else to live. He began 1053 to attend radical meetings, listening to Abdullah el-Faisal’s violent speeches in south London, as well as attending Abu Qatada’s mosque in Baker Street and Finsbury Park Mosque, forming a close connection 1054 with extremists including Djamel Beghal and Kamel Daoudi. Moussaoui travelled to Afghanistan in ! ! 1037 Mears, B., ‘Terrorist Zacarias Moussaoui's appeal of life sentence denied’, CNN, 4 January 2010, available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/01/04/us.moussaoui.conviction/, last visited: 9 August 2016. 1038 Norton-Taylor, R. and Rosie Cowan, ‘Madrid bomb suspect linked to UK extremists’, Guardian, 17 March 2004. 1039 ‘Europe fears Islamic converts may give cover for extremism’, The New York Times, 19 July 2004. 1040 Sapsted, D., ‘Vet is convicted of kidnapping five children’, The Telegraph, 1 July 2005. 1041 Henley, J., ‘Trial and terror’, Guardian, 18 March 2004. 1042 Pantucci, R., “We Love Death as You Love Life”: Britain’s Suburban Terrorists, (London, 2015), p. 118. 1043 ‘Frenchman jailed for terror ties’, BBC News, 25 May 2004. 1044 ‘Madrid bombings: Defendants’, BBC News, 9 August 2016, available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4899544.stm, last visited: 9 August 2016. 1045 ‘Europe 'must share terror intelligence'’, Independent, 17 March 2004, available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/europe-must-share-terror- intelligence-566605.html, last visited: 9 August 2016. 1046 ‘Police investigation: How many more are out there?’, Independent, 23 July 2004, available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/police- investigation-how-many-more-are-out-there-301236.html, last visited: 9 August 2016. 1047 ‘Europe fears Islamic converts may give cover for extremism’, The New York Times, 19 July 2004. 1048 Mears, B., ‘Terrorist Zacarias Moussaoui's appeal of life sentence denied’, CNN, 4 January 2010. 1049 Erlanger, S. and Chris Hedges, ‘Terror Cells Slip Through Europe's Grasp’, The New York Times, 28 December 2001. 1050 ‘Moussaoui: Failed plotter’, BBC News, 3 May 2006, available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4873828.stm, last visited: 9 August 2016. 1051 O’Neill, S. and Daniel McGrory, The Suicide Factory: Abu Hamza and the Finsbury Park Mosque (London: Harper Collins, 2006), p. 220. 1052 ibid. 1053 ‘Restless convert in quest for jihad’, BBC News, 3 May 2006, available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4942924.stm, last visited: 9 August 2016. 1054 Erlanger, S. and Chris Hedges, ‘Terror Cells Slip Through Europe's Grasp’, The New York Times, 28 December 2001. ! ! 83 !